First of all, note that Outlook synchronization works only on MS Windows (7 and up) with Outlook (2010 and up).
The Outlook synchronization is implemented as a Java applet. This applet is loaded into your browser and executed by a special Java plug-in. You need the Java runtime environment (Java plug-in) version 7 or up (also known as Java 1.7), which is supported by all current browsers.